(iv) 100 microcuries of promethium 147 per watch or 200 microcuries of promethium 147 per any other timepiece. City of Orange, CA 300 E. Chapman Ave. Orange, CA 92866 Phone: (714) 744-2225. According to a Department of Commerce Information Circular from 1930, the paint might contain "from 0.7 to 3 and even 4 milligrams of radium element to 100 grams of zinc sulfide. Beer was also major revenue producer in Orange beginning in the 1890s when the three Winter Brothers of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, arrived in the city and built the first brewery. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . Other radionuclides have also been used, e.g., strontium-90 (Sr-90) and carbon-14 (C-14). As a result of those operations, the facility buildings and soil became contaminated with radionuclides. This can be converted into an effective dose equivalent (essentially a whole body dose) of 0.02 mrem per year. The City of Orange Township is approximately 2.2 square miles and is surrounded by the municipalities of East Orange, South Orange and West Orange. The City historically contained two marsh land areas bounded by the North side of Main Street, between Day Street and South Harrison Street, stretching to Highland Avenue and both sides of Irvington along South Center Street. Electrons in the valance band are fixed in place, but they become mobile in the conduction band. The company did not stop the hand painting of dials until 1947. For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. Radium City Brewing | Ottawa IL - Facebook Radium City Brewing, Ottawa, Illinois. The original. oB*654VuG}k{6|}.O-bcDg{/>`&d}/s(7yeO}{zucWx AA8wQ,]KW+vx2\vn~0AUfUkqa..}rCTX'wnc?Cgg7kT}UZF51Y7]3b*@itILyBfC(wlM^W#:llNm,l)b. In the other scenario, the estimated effective dose equivalent was 0.4 mrem per year. 030-05980, 030-05982", "U.S. Radium Superfund Site Remediation - Sevenson Environmental Remed", "EPA wraps up long cleanup of U.S. Radium pollution in Essex County", "08/16/2006: EPA Cleans Up the U.S. Radium Site in Essex County", Radium Luminous Material Corporation stock certificate, United States Radium Corporation stock certificate, United States Radium Corporation, 422-432 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, United States Radium Corporation, Paint Application Building, United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Radium_Corporation&oldid=1134279753, Historic American Engineering Record in New Jersey, Defunct technology companies based in New Jersey, Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1980, American companies disestablished in 1980, Defunct manufacturing companies based in New Jersey, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 22:03. Ra-228 is a beta emitter, but over time it decays into thorium-228 (1.9 year half-life), an alpha emitter. The latter procedure involved dusting a freshly painted dial with radioluminescent powder so that the powder would stick to the paint. Radioluminescent paint consists of a radioactive material mixed together with a luminescent crystalline powder. The company was nationalized into a Crown corporation in 1943 when the Canadian federal government purchased share control. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). (Some images display only as thumbnails outside Kunz and Charles Baskerville, a chemist, made their paint by mixing radium-barium carbonate with zinc sulfide and linseed oil. The United States Radium Company was a notorious resident of Orange. This equates to 0.06 mrem per year for a watch with 2 mCi. While the radium-zinc sulfide mixture could be placed directly in glass vial and used, a paint had to include some sort of adhesive, e.g., lacquer or gum binder. The Site includes the 5.9 acre S.W. y)Y?s;`fikmbROl{ckzk7^IrG;ZxV-991ZlM}\/c"UL{\MK%I]&do [nx.-Rqn4bPZ(z4m24\[ _-bgo^m%l?;|[lvefl/.V2^NyvKo[tG{W{-)wz_[lY y.w.7J~UI-lo7o_Kn-To]y,;OjG6/Dqm[-hJ^i`ew%/vcm*b-XMVyj|G_=al,SOgeWPw~,6*Tojt=kb_ Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Eugene J Boesch, and Michael S Raber, Weinstein, Gerald, photographer. Library of Congress Duplication Services. https://www.loc.gov/item/nj1645/. Little, E. H. - Colgate, Samuel - Colgate, Gilbert - Colgate, Richard - Colgate, William - Christianson, Justine - Colgate, Austen - Palmolive Company - Colgate, Sidney - Zakalak, Ulana D Little, E. H. - Colgate, Samuel - Colgate, Gilbert - Colgate, Richard - Colgate, William - Christianson, Justine - Colgate, Austen - Palmolive Company - Colgate, Sidney - Zakalak, Ulana D - Flagg, Thomas R - Colgate, Bowles - Historic American Engineering Record - Raber, Michael S - Weinstein, Gerald - Palmolive-Peet Company - Colgate-Palmolive - Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Company - Colgate, Charles - Associates of the Jersey Company - Pearce, Charles - Colgate, Russell, Photo(s): 2 | Data Page(s): 7 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Turner Construction Company - Hartz Mountain Industries, Incorporated - Kahn, Albert - Ford Motor Company - Flagg, Thomas R - Pittsburgh Clay Products Company - Historic American Engineering Record. site of the original radium company city of orange [2], U.S. Radium workers, especially women who painted the dials of watches and other instruments with luminous paint, suffered serious radioactive contamination. 66. There were no publicly recognized health or safety problems identified or standards established for handling radioactive materials at this time. "Living in one or our leading residential areas adjacent to the metropolitan centers of the middle Atlantic seaboard, you provide a splendid example of modern community life. It was capitalized at $1,000,000, and according to the incorporation papers it had an office at in room 1230 at 346 Broadway in New York City. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . Building zone map. Exposure rates to the head would be somewhat higher, possibly 5-10 times higher, because these are usually alarm clocks that would be positioned on a night stand near the head of the bed. Orange has produced such notables as baseball's Monte Irvin and Heavyweight Boxer Tony Galento. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. The dead woman, and others who survived, became known as the first known victims of industrial radium poisoning. The ingestion of the paint by the women, brought about while licking the brushes, resulted in a condition called radium jaw (radium necrosis), a painful swelling and porosity of the upper and lower jaws that ultimately led to many of their deaths. At least in some plants they were actually trained how to do it. Sr-90 and Y-90 are almost always present together in the same activities (i.e., in secular equilibrium). New Jersey Orange Essex County, 1968. translateds by Alfson, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. Notes. site.). In the United States, the first company to produce radioluminescent paint was the Radium Luminous Material Corporation in Newark, New Jersey. Photograph. The workers had been told that the paint was harmless. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. 4 skeleton maps. 0000001338 00000 n color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of The 2, 3, 6, and 8 were hardest to make correctly, for the fine lines which contrast with the heavy strokes in these numerals were usually too broad, even with the use of the finest, clipped brushes. in the vicinity of the former plant and at various other locations throughout the municipalities of Orange, West Orange, and South Orange. trans by Alfson, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. Some of the radiation energy deposited in the crystals promotes electrons from the valance band to the conduction band (these are different energy levels of electrons in the crystal). advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served. 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. There were no publicly recognized health or safety problems identified or standards established for handling radioactive materials at this time. The Library of Congress does notown rights to material in its collections. Orange was initially the agricultural portion of the City of Newark, and remained such until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of the Oranges was detached, thus creating the Township of Orange by an act of the New Jersey State Legislature. The activity in timepieces varies tremendously depending on the size of the hands and the dials as well as the concentration of radium in the paint. Quick links. By : american pilots association; Comment: 0 For wiping and tipping the brush the workers found that that either a cloth or their fingers were too harsh, but by wiping the brush clean between their lips the proper erasing point could be obtained. It emits a gamma ray at 186 keV. In a case of bad judgment, he failed to patent the idea. Us Radium Corp. The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) of Great Britain estimated that the use of a Pm-147 containing pocket watch would result a dose to the gonads of up to 0.2 mrem and a maximum dose of 35 mrem to the skin. PDF HEALTH CONSULTATION U.S. Radium Corporation - Government of New Jersey Unbeknownst to the women, the paint was highly radioactive and therefore, carcinogenic. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our If radium is ingested or inhaled, the radiation emitted by the radionuclide can interact with cells and damage them. 95, radium has not been used in radioluminescent watches since 1968, or in clocks since 1978 (these dates are approximate). The regulations set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 10 CFR 30.15 state that an individual does not need a license to possess timepieces if the following specifications are not exceeded: (i) 25 millicuries of tritium per timepiece. Recognizing a good opportunity, a gemologist at Tiffany & Company, by the name of George Kunz, did patent it. 1912. The Safety Light Corporation, in turn, was sold to its management and spun off as an independent entity in 1982. <> 0000002617 00000 n New Jersey Orange Essex County, 1968. translateds by Alfson, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. The more concentrated preparations (generally containing 215 ug of radium per gram to meet British Admiralty standards) were used on aircraft and ship instrument dials, while lower-grade materials containing about 50 to 100 ug of radium per gram of mixture were used on watches, switch markings, and other devices requiring less critical reading." Orange continues to make history with respect to old traditions and with new firsts. In June 2003, the City was once again honored by a Presidential visit, when George W. Bush came to Orange as part of an initiative to highlight the importance of small businesses to community development. In May 2005, the City assigned its first female motorcycle police officer; and in January 2006, the City appointed the first woman judge to sit on the bench of the Orange Municipal Court. In March 2006, the first female and the first Latino police officers in the City of Orange were promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. The case was settled out of court in 1928, but not before a substantial number of the litigants were seriously ill or had died from bone cancer and other radiation-related illnesses. & Raber, M. S., Flagg, T. R. & Weinstein, G., photographer. 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. The Factory of the 'Radium Girls' Is a Superfund Site - The Atlantic This site handled (or was contaminated by) radium, according to government records. Source: The Journal has attempted to locate current owners for each site. (iii) 15 millicuries of tritium per dial (bezels when used shall be considered as part of the dial). Strontium had three major advantages over radium: a greater variety of luminescent colors were possible with strontium than radium, the gradual decrease in luminous intensity was minimal because strontium's beta particles did less damage to the zinc sulfide crystals that radium's alpha particles, and the photon (bremsstrahlung) emissions from strontium were less of a safety concern than the gamma rays from radium. the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on JERSEYANA - The New York Times Standard Chemical Company used the name "Luna" and the Cold Light Manufacturing Company, a subsidiary of the Radium Company of Colorado, made "Marvelite." According to NCRP Report No. site of the original radium company city of orange The first electric trolley in the State of New Jersey operated over a section of this line. Publication Average Radium Activity per Watch Range of Radium Activity. i@{K="{Z9~b[lVk2S\OK*wok5.%.Y)=`S\r Radioactive Materials / Other Materials of Interest. ORAU manages the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). See below for more details. About The City of Orange Township [Data Pages from Survey HAER NJ-121-A ], [Photo Captions from Survey HAER NJ-121-A ]. record ("About This Item") with your request. Orange, NJ: Orange Publishing Company, 1956.). But back in the early 1900s, there was only one way to make a clock glow in the darkpainting the numbers with radium. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. (Fe:}oK6qf+uElFksS^Utn%oM YIW-{wj+#\jv913mjb-+HIobg}c[|1QzAvmzBOJi^eenx8%/z As a result of achieving status as a town, Orange was permitted to establish fire, police, street and other town departments. U.S. Radium Corp. Orange, N.J. Waste Lands: America's forgotten Building/structure dates: 1917 Initial Construction, Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Radium-226 is an alpha emitter with a 1600 year half-life.