This breed of small white Scottish terriers was given its modern name for the first time in 1908, with recognition by major kennel clubs occurring around the same time. Edward Malcolm succeeded the Countess as the club's second chairman. The Westie is highly social and is the most friendly and jolly of all the Scottish breeds of terriers. Ch. It has a white double coat of fur which fills out the dog's face, giving it a rounded appearance. It has been featured in television and film, including in Hamish Macbeth, and in advertising by companies such as Cesar dog food and the Scotch whisky Black & White. [25] The breed spent the period that immediately followed as being "in vogue",[30] becoming popular almost immediately upon its arrival in the US. [14] The disease is an autosomal recessive condition, so a puppy can only be affected by it if both of its parents are carriers of the faulty gene. The breed remains very popular in the UK, with multiple wins at Cruft's. [32] It took a further 14 years before the breed took its first Best in Show title at Crufts, the UK's major dog show. [23], Scottish white terriers were recorded as early as during the reign of James VI of Scotland, who reigned between 1567 and 1625. [21] However, the chances of this condition occurring are much higher in some other breeds, such as the Australian Shepherd and the Miniature Pincher. [3] Westies also have short and sturdy tails. [25], Reports of a ship from the Spanish Armada being wrecked on the island of Skye in 1588 indicated the ship carried white Spanish dogs, whose descendants were kept distinct from other breeds by Clan Donald, including the families of the Chiefs. [26] Other families on Skye preserved both white and sandy-coloured dogs. Their ears are pointed and erect. [citation needed] It will not typically tolerate rough handling, such as a child pulling on its ears or fur, and can frequently be both food- and toy-possessive. It is a neurological disease wherein the dog lacks the enzyme galactosylceramidase. Olac Moon Pilot,[34] and in 2016 to Burneze Geordie Girl. [35] As of 2010, the Westie is the third-most popular breed of terrier in the UK, with 5,361 puppies registered with the Kennel Club. Elfinbrook Simon in 1962. [citation needed] This makes regular training from a young age of particular importance. Symptoms slowly increase until limb paralysis begins to occur. [22] The breed is also one of the least likely to be affected by a luxating patella, where the knee cap slips out of place. The condition typically develops over one to three days, resulting in tremors of the head and limbs, ataxia, and hypermetria. The king ordered that a dozen of these white terriers be procured from Argyll to be presented to the Kingdom of France as a gift. The condition appears across many breeds, including several different types of terriers, as well as other unrelated breeds such as the Great Dane. [2], They also have a deep chest, muscular limbs, a black nose, and a short, closely fitted jaw with "scissors" bite (lower canines locked in front of upper canines, upper incisors locked over lower incisors). The Westie can be seen on My Dog packaging, website, In the Brazilian television animated series, This page was last edited on 15 July 2022, at 23:54. [27] The first win at a major show came at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1942 when Constance Winant's Ch. [2] Members of the breed typically weigh between 15 and 20 pounds (6.8 and 9.1kg), and the average height is between 1011 inches (2528cm) at the withers. [2] Most Westies are pure white, although there are some light wheaten colour variations. The symptoms are noticeable as the puppy develops, and can be identified by the age of 30 weeks. [27] Another breed of white Scottish terriers also appeared at this point, with Dr. Americ Edwin Flaxman from Fife developing his line of "Pittenweem Terriers" out of a female Scottish Terrier which produced white offspring. In the initial stages, this condition can be misdiagnosed as allergies or less serious forms of dermatitis. He re-dedicated his breeding programme to produce white Scottish Terriers with the aim of restoring it to the same stature as the dark-coloured breed. However, this is a decrease in numbers since 2001, when it was the most popular terrier breed, with 11,019 new dogs registered. [4] Sandy- and brindle-coloured dogs were seen as hardier than those of other colours, and white dogs were seen as being weak. [3], The breed is pre-disposed to conditions found in many breeds, such as abdominal hernias. [37] It was the 44th-most popular AKC breed in 2020. The popularity of the breed during the early 20th century was such that dogs were being exchanged for hundreds of guineas. The club was renamed during the following year to the West Highland White Terrier Club of America. Dianthus Buttons, owned by Kath Newstead and Dorothy Taylor, took the title for the breed in 1976. The term "West Highland White Terrier" first appears in Otters and Otter Hunting by L.C.R. It does retain the instincts of an earth-dog, including inquisitive and investigative traits,[6] as well as natural instincts to bark and dig holes. [3] The fur fills out the face to give a rounded appearance. A second club was subsequently set up, with the Countess of Aberdeen as chairman. Kiltie and Ch. The breed is intelligent, quick to learn, and can be good with children, but does not always tolerate rough handling. The Australian dog food manufacturer Mars Incorporated uses the West Highland White Terrier breed as the face of their My Dog brand. The first generation of Poltallochs had sandy-coloured coats, and had already developed prick ears, which is a trait seen later in the modern breed. Affected males and females can be affected for different lengths of time, with symptoms in females lasting between four and six weeks, while males can be affected the rest of their lives. [27] The Westie was imported into the United States in 19071908, when Robert Goelet imported Ch. Flaxman is credited with classes being added to dog shows for white Scottish Terriers towards the end of the 19th century. It can cause seizures, muscle stiffness, and ataxia, but is more commonly found in Staffordshire Bull Terriers. [17], An inherited genetic problem that exists in the breed is globoid cell leukodystrophy. By the time of Malcolm's death in 1930, a stable type had appeared with prick ears, a white coat, and a short back.[27]. They are a very energetic and boisterous breed, needing regular exercise of around one hour per day. It is not breed-specific, and can appear in Cairn Terriers and other breeds including Beagles and Pomeranians. [2] The body should be shorter than the height of the dog at the shoulder. [27][29], The first breed club was set up in 1904; Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll, was the society's first president. [38], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Poodle Terrier Mix: See How Incredible This Hybrid Breed Is", "West Highland White Terrier Health Survey Final Report", "Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England", "Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds", "Puppy farmer Grace Banks jailed for selling sick dogs while on bail for selling sick dogs", "2007 West Highland White Terrier Health Survey Final Report", "Col. Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch, and the West Highland White Terrier", "Comparative Tables of Registrations for the Years 20012010 Inclusive", "J.K. Rowling is a proud dog mom and wants everyone to know it", "West Highland Terriers: The dogs that are clever, funny and inquisitive, with an irresistibly smiley demeanour and a skip in their step", "Casting row dogs the remake of Greyfriar's Bobby", "Meet Olivia, the Cute Dog Who Starred in Both 'Widows' and 'Game Night' This Year", "Jeeves and Wooster: the complete series", "Yoko and author's other furry friends help kids cope with childhood challenges", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Highland_White_Terrier&oldid=1098463432, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Articles needing additional references from January 2022, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [24], George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, chief of Clan Campbell, bred a breed of white Scottish terriers known as the "Roseneath Terrier". In some cases, tube feeding may be necessary. [3] The Westie's paws are slightly turned out to give it better grip than flat-footed breeds when it climbs on rocky surfaces. [20] A degeneration of the hip joint, known as LeggCalvPerthes syndrome, also occurs in the breed. It has been in the top third of all breeds in the US since the 1960s. [27] The dog seemed to produce these white puppies regardless of the sire to which she was bred, and after drowning over 20 of these offspring, he came upon the theory that it was an ancient trait of the Scottish Terrier that was trying to reappear. Some sources suggest that due to their history as rodent catchers, their tails were bred to be thick so that a Westie trapped in a hole could be easily pulled out by the tail. Cameron, published in 1908. [6], It is a hardy breed, and can be stubborn, leading to issues with training. Kennel Club recognition followed in 1907, and the breed appeared at Crufts for the first time in the same year. Rumpus Glenmohr. [15], The breed is prone to skin disorders. [16] An uncommon but severe breed-specific skin condition, hyperplastic dermatosis, may affect West Highland White Terriers, both juveniles and adults dogs. The condition often stops progressing by the time the dog is a year old, and in some cases can recede. Having a typical terrier prey drive, it tends to be highly interested in toys, especially chasing balls. [2] As puppies develop into adults, their coarse outer coat is normally removed by either "hand-stripping", especially for dog-showing, or otherwise clipping. [4] In young puppies, the nose and footpads have pink markings, which slowly turn black as they age. [10] Veterinary clinic data from the UK show a typical lifespan of 10.5 to 15 years. [24] At various times during the breed's existence, it has been considered a white offshoot of both the Scottish Terrier and the Cairn Terrier breeds. The Westie is an active breed, and is social with a high prey drive, as they were once used to hunt rodents. [11] The French Kennel Club database gives 8 to 16 years, with a median of 13 years. However, if the animal still cannot eat and is in uncontrolled pain, then euthanasia may be the only medical option remaining. The modern breed is descended from a number of breeding programmes of white terriers in Scotland before the 20th century. Affected dogs have tremors, muscle weakness, and trouble walking. The dog was registered at the time as a Scottish Terrier, and won the title at the Scottish Kennel Club show at the age of seven months. A Westie may need to have its training refreshed on occasion during its lifetime. Radiographic testing can be conducted to diagnose the condition, in which the bones around the jaw thicken; additionally, the blood may show increased calcium levels and enzyme levels. Other related breeds included George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll's Roseneath Terrier and Dr Americ Edwin Flaxman's Pittenweem Terriers. [31] The same title was taken by Barbara Worcester's Ch. A higher proportion of males are affected compared to females. Cousin to the Cairn Terrier, the Westie was bred to hunt small rodents at places such as farms. Several breed-specific and non-specific health problems appear in the breed, including a condition in young dogs nicknamed "westie jaw" which causes an overgrowth of bone in the jaw of the dog. Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch, is credited with the creation of the modern breed from his Poltalloch Terrier, but did not want to be known as such. [8], The American breed club puts the lifespan of the Westie at 12 to 16 years. [citation needed], They have a soft, dense, thick undercoat and a rough outer coat,[2] which can grow to about 2 inches (5.1cm) long. It typically appears in dogs under a year old, and can cause problems for the dog to chew or swallow food. [27] In 1903, Malcolm declared that he did not want to be known as the creator of the breed and insisted that his breed of white terriers be renamed. [36] The breed's position in the United States is more stable with it remaining in the top third of all breeds since around 1960. As this condition is most commonly found in Westies and Maltese, the condition was originally thought to be connected to the genes for white coats, but the same condition has since been found in other non-white breeds including the Yorkshire Terrier and the Dachshund. [1], Commonly, Westies have bright, deep-set, almond-shaped eyes that are dark in colour. Due to it being a hereditary condition, owners should avoid breeding affected animals to eliminate it from the breed. Wolvey Pattern of Edgerstoune won the title of Best in Show. It is a medium-sized terrier, although with longer legs than other Scottish breeds of terrier. Initially, it was also known at the time as the Roseneath Terrier, and the Roseneath Terrier Club was recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1908. [3] About a quarter of Westies surveyed are affected by atopic dermatitis, a heritable chronic allergic skin condition. [27] It is unknown if the Poltalloch Terriers and Pittenweem Terriers were interbred. [12] The typical litter size is between three and five puppies. [33] A Westie also won Crufts in 1990 with the Best in Show title going to Derek Tattersall's Ch. [13] Westie puppies may be affected by craniomandibular osteopathy, a disease also known as "lion jaw", and is sometimes also referred to as "westie jaw". Morvan in 1905, owned by Colin Young. Affected dogs can suffer from red hyperpigmentation, lichenification, and hair loss. [25] It was ranked 30th-most popular in 2001, based on registrations with the American Kennel Club, which varied around the 30s in the decade after, with it ranked 34th in 2010. [28], The person most closely associated with developing the modern breed of West Highland White Terrier is Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch. [27] Until 1924 in the UK, Westie pedigrees were allowed to have Cairn and Scottish Terriers in them. The West Highland White Terrier, commonly known as the Westie, is a breed of dog from Scotland with a distinctive white harsh coat with a somewhat soft white undercoat. It is a loyal breed that bonds with its owner but is often on the move, requiring daily exercise (1530 min though ideally, at least an hour). It is normally treated with anti-inflammatory medications, and the feeding of soft foods. [19], Other less common conditions which appear in the breed include hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is where elevated levels of Alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid are in the dog's urine, blood plasma, and spinal fluid. It can also be prone to skin disorders, with a breed-specific condition called hyperplastic dermatosis occurring. [9] A club survey puts the average lifespan at 11.4 years. Malcolm owned terriers used to work game; the story told is that a reddish-brown terrier was mistaken for a fox and shot. The first member of the breed to win a show championship was Ch. It is normally independent, assured, and self-confident, and can make a good watchdog. [30] Canadian Kennel Club recognition followed in 1909. Because the breed was not yet recognised independently, the championship title was not retained when the dog was reregistered as a West Highland White Terrier. [7] It is ranked in the average range as 88th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs. 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